Chemistry Journal of Moldova

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2020.803

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Graphical Abstract: The main scientific achievements of great significance accomplished by Professor Ilie Fishtik at the University of Iowa and the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, in several fields of the physical chemistry as chemical thermodynamics, kinetics and heterogeneous catalysis were revealed and briefly analysed. Fundamental equations of chemical thermodynamics within the De Donder (stoichiometric) approach were reformulated in terms of a special class of chemical reactions, called as response reactions. Using this approach, the unusual behaviour of chemical equilibrium systems, to interpret the apparent contradictions to Le Chatelier principle and to discover hitherto unnoticed thermodynamic identities, was rationalised. The stabilities of chemical species were formulated in terms of a certain class of stoichiometrically unique chemical reactions and their thermochemical characteristics. A completely new approach for the generation and simplification of kinetic mechanisms for complex reaction systems was developed and applied. Based on a new type of reaction networks, referred to as reaction route graphs, a systematic method of analysis and reduction of a microkinetic mechanism was established and employed.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2020.694

Abstract (PDF)
Supplementary Material (PDF)

Graphical Abstract: The most common phenolic components of sixteen orchid extracts were identified using high performance liquid chromatography and laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. The interaction between these compounds and silica silanol groups was studied using quantum chemical calculations. Results show that the strength of the interaction of phenols with silica increased in the following order: ferullic, feruloylquinic and fertaric acids <kaempferol, apingenin <<сhlorogenic and caffeic acids, rhamnetin, quercetin, luteolin, epicatechin gallate. The common feature of compounds characterized by the strongest interaction with silanol groups is the presence of phenol ring with two neighbouring hydroxyl groups.


 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2019.545   

Abstract (PDF)
Graphical Abstract: The inhibitive effects of 2-acetylpyridine 4-ethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (HAcETSc) and dichlorophenyltin(IV) 2-acetylpyridine 4-ethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Sn(HAcETSc)PhenCl2) for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution at different concentrations were investigated using electrochemical measurements and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The result of electrochemical measurement found that the inhibition efficiency increased with inhibitors’ concentration. Moreover, it was shown that that Sn(HAcETSc)PhenCl2 had a better inhibitive effect than HAcETSc.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2019.572   

 

Abstract (PDF)
Graphical Abstract: Aqueous micellar solutions of sodium dodecyl sulphate were investigated using X-ray scattering technique by a model-independent approach and dynamic light scattering in the concentration range 0.008 – 0.1 M. The obtained results are discussed in the framework of the concept of polyamorphous transition between ensembles of water clusters of low and high density levels. Polyamorphous transition accompanies the formation of dual structures of contact and separated by water micelles with different rates of diffusion.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2018.543   

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Graphical Abstract: The reaction cycle of H₂O₂ decomposition and O₂ generation catalyzed by Fenton reagent was studied using density functional theory calculations. A four-stage mechanism for the oxygen production and the Fe²⁺ regeneration in the Fenton reaction is proposed based on the obtained results. It is shown that the O-O bond cleavage of coordinated H2O2at the first step of reaction does not lead to a free HO^● radical. Instead, a highly reactive intermediate [Fe^IV(H₂O)₄(OH)₂]²⁺ with two HO^● radicals “trapped” in the complex is formed. The result of the next two reaction steps is the formation of the two HO₂^● radicals which can react on the triplet energy surface in order to produce O₂ and a H₂O₂.


 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2018.525

Abstract (PDF)

Graphical Abstract: The protection performance of self-assembled layers (SALs) formed by apricot cake extract (ACE) on the surface of steel has been studied. It was revealed that the protection ability of the SALs is determined by the time of film formation on the steel surface. The maximal corrosion inhibition efficiency (about 93%) was obtained after 48 h process of film formation in the vapour phase of the apricot cake extract. The results of the electrochemical analysis revealed that the ACE modified steel showed better corrosion protection in conditions of periodic condensation of moisture.

protection in conditions of periodic condensation of moisture.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2018.522   

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Graphical Abstract: The present work provides an insight into the effect of the nature of surfactant (cationic, anionic), a component of water- and oil-borne microemulsions, on the reaction rate of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of C,N-diphenylnitrone with acrylonitrile. The electrostatically attractive character of the cationic surfactant, would bring the reactants closer to each other; hence, a rate enhancement would ensue, particularly within the water-rich zone. Besides the fact that acrylonitrile played a dual role, as a component of the microemulsion and a dipolarphile in the cycloaddition reaction, made the work-up advantageously sound. Additionally, the increase in reagents molar ratio was found to promote higher reactivity.


 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2018.493   

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Graphical Abstract: The study was aimed at increasing solubility and dissolution rate of ketoprofen by using multicomponent crystallization approach with nicotinamide as additional material. The multicomponent crystallization was carried out by solvent evaporation method using 2-propanol as solvent. The solubility and dissolution test showed that the ketoprofen-nicotinamide multicomponent crystal has solubility and dissolution rate significantly higher than the solubility and dissolution rate of the pure ketoprofen.


 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2018.494

Abstract (PDF)

Graphical Abstract: The adsorption of strontium ions from aqueous solutions on nut shells activated carbons (samples CAN-7 and CAN-8) at different temperatures has been studied. The isotherm of adsorption of strontium ions from aqueous solutions on activated carbon CAN-7 has two inflection points at relatively small and high equilibrium concentrations. As the temperature increases, the adsorption values decrease, which indicates that the adsorption process is exothermic.


 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2018.487   

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Graphical Abstract: Enoxil-silica composites with various Enoxil-to-silica ratios were prepared by mechanical mixing of the biologically active Enoxil and fumed silica powders. The hygroscopic properties of the composites were studied by the gravimetric method. . It was found that hygroscopicity is reduced by 30÷40% when the Enoxil-to-silica mass ratio in the composites is 0.15÷0.35.

 Holding time in desiccators: 92 (1), 141 (2) and 365 (3) days.